Aquatic exercises in the knee injury rehabilitation of athletes / Exercícios aquáticos na reabilitação das lesões nos joelhos de atletas / Ejercicios acuáticos en la rehabilitación de lesiones de rodilla en deportistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball requires jumping and strenuous movements and certain sports injuries inevitably occur during the sport. The surface of the knee joint is considerably large and shallow, making the lever effect strong and negative, easily targeted for injury in the unstable movements caused by this sport. Objective: Investigate the main causes of knee joint injuries in volleyball players and evaluate the effect of treatment with intervention through aquatic therapy. Methods: Eight volleyball players from a university with different degrees of knee joint injury were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group used intervention training with aquatic exercise therapy, while the control group did not include additional rehabilitation measures. The knee condition of the subjects before and after the experiment was analyzed and compared. Results: The knee joint injury in the subjects in the experimental group was significantly improved, and the recovery from the knee joint injury of the subjects in the experimental group was better than that of the subjects in the control group. Conclusion: Water sports therapy can significantly improve the knee joint injury of volleyball players, leading to the belief that water sports therapy can effectively improve the agility, strength, and endurance of muscles adjacent to knee joints in patients, reducing their pain, and increasing the range of motion of these joints. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O voleibol exige saltos e movimentos extenuantes sendo inevitável que certas lesões esportivas ocorram no decurso do esporte. A superfície da articulação do joelho é consideravelmente grande e pouco profunda, tornando o efeito de alavanca forte e negativo, facilmente alvo de lesões nos movimentos instáveis ocasionados por esse esporte. Objetivo: Investigar as principais causas das lesões da articulação do joelho nos jogadores de voleibol e avaliar o efeito do tratamento com intervenção através de terapia aquática. Métodos: Oito jogadores de voleibol de uma universidade, com diferentes graus de lesão articular do joelho, foram divididos aleatoriamente em um grupo experimental e um grupo controle. O grupo experimental utilizou treino de intervenção com terapia de exercício aquático, enquanto o grupo de controle não contemplou medidas de reabilitação adicionais. A condição do joelho dos indivíduos antes e depois da experiência foi analisada e comparada. Resultados: A lesão articular do joelho nos sujeitos do grupo experimental foi significativamente melhorada, e a recuperação da lesão articular do joelho dos sujeitos do grupo experimental foi melhor do que a dos sujeitos do grupo de controle. Conclusão: A terapia com esportes aquáticos pode melhorar significativamente a lesão da articulação do joelho dos jogadores de voleibol, levando a acreditar que a terapia com esportes aquáticos pode efetivamente melhorar a agilidade, força e resistência dos músculos adjacentes às articulações do joelho nos pacientes, reduzindo a sua dor, e aumentando a amplitude de movimento dessas articulações. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El voleibol requiere saltos y movimientos extenuantes y es inevitable que se produzcan ciertas lesiones deportivas en el transcurso del deporte. La superficie de la articulación de la rodilla es considerablemente grande y poco profunda, lo que hace que el efecto de palanca sea fuerte y negativo, siendo fácilmente objeto de lesiones en los movimientos inestables que provoca este deporte. Objetivo: Investigar las principales causas de las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla en jugadores de voleibol y evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con intervención mediante terapia acuática. Métodos: Ocho jugadores de voleibol de una universidad, con diferentes grados de lesión en la articulación de la rodilla, fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control. El grupo experimental utilizó un entrenamiento de intervención con terapia de ejercicios acuáticos, mientras que el grupo de control no contempló medidas adicionales de rehabilitación. Se analizó y comparó el estado de las rodillas de los sujetos antes y después del experimento. Resultados: La lesión de la articulación de la rodilla en los sujetos del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente, y la recuperación de la lesión de la articulación de la rodilla de los sujetos del grupo experimental fue mejor que la de los sujetos del grupo de control. Conclusión: La terapia de deportes acuáticos puede mejorar significativamente la lesión de la articulación de la rodilla de los jugadores de voleibol, lo que lleva a pensar que la terapia de deportes acuáticos puede mejorar eficazmente la agilidad, la fuerza y la resistencia de los músculos adyacentes a las articulaciones de la rodilla de los pacientes, reduciendo su dolor y aumentando la amplitud de movimiento de estas articulaciones. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Correlation between anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance measured by Suowei panoramic 50-MHz digital ultrasound blomicroscopy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Measurement of ciliary sulcus distance is important for phakic intraocular lens implantation.Suowei panoramic 50-MHz digital ultrasound biomicroscopy makes it possible for the direct measurement of ciliary sulcus distance.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between anterior chamber(AC)angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance in different AC depth population and offer a clinical guide.Methods The anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance were measured in 30 right eyes with shallow anterior chamber caused by suspect glaucoma and 30 right eyes with deep anterior chamber dut to the high myopia with Suowei panoramic 50-MHz digital ultrasound biomicroscopy.Three horizontal B-scans with the focal plane approximately at a depth corresponding to the iris plane were acquired for each eye.The differences of the anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance were calculated and compared between the two groups.The correlation of the anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance were evaluated in respective group.Results In shallow AC group,the mean angle diameter was(11.49+0.75)mm,the mean ciliary sulcus distance was (10.97±0.86)mm with the mean standard deviation of the difference of(-5.14± 0.55)mm,showing a statistically significant difference(t =-5.092,P =0.000).In shallow AC group,linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between ciliary sulcus distance and angle diameter(R2=0.593,P=0.000)and the Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.767.In deep AC group,the angle diameter was(12.69±0.67)mm;while ciliary sulcus distance was(12.31 ± 0.61)mm with the mean slandard deviation(-0.38 ± 0.17)mm,which was statistically significantly different(t=-5.531,P=0.000).The ciliary sulcus distance was found to be linear correlation with the angle diameter(R2 =0.699,P=0.000)and Pearson' s correlation coefficient of 0.836.Conclusions Panoramic ultrasound biomicroscopy is an useful tool to the measurement of ciliary sulcus distance.This study exhibited that the ciliary sulcus distance is significant associated with the anterior chamber angle diameter,which may offer a guide for phakic intraocular lens implantation.

Measurement of anterior chamber volume with rotating scheimpflug camera and anterior segment optical coherence tomography / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Measurement of anterior segment parameters plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of anterior chamber volume (ACV) measurements with rotating scheimpflug camera (RSC) and to examine agreement with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty nine healthy normal subjects were recruited from the Eye Center of Tongren Hospital. ACV was measured using RSC and AS-OCT in a randomly selected eye for each subject. For RSC measurements, both automatic and manual ACV measurements and 2 independent operators' ACV measurements were obtained. All subjects were invited for 3 visits within a week to evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of ACV measurement by RSC. Agreement was evaluated between RSC and AS-OCT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Good repeatability and reproducibility were found for both automatic and manual ACV measurements obtained by RSC. For intrasession repeatability, coefficient of variation (CVw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for automatic were 3.52% and 0.98; the values for manual were 3.44% and 0.97, respectively. For intersession reproducibility, the respective CVw and ICC values were 3.96% and 0.96. Good agreement was also found in 2 operators for both automatic and manual ACV measurements; nevertheless, poor agreement was found between RSC and AS-OCT (95% confidence interval (CI) for agreement of automatic RSC measurement versus AS-OCT were -96.3 to 72.8 microl and 95% CI for agreement of manual RSC measurement versus AS-OCT were between -41.7 to 10.1 microl).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both RSC automatic and manual ACV measurements showed good repeatability and reproducibility, and showed comparable agreement between 2 independent operators, but poor agreement was found between RSC and AS-OCT.</p>

Accuracy and repeatability of direct ciliary sulcus diameter measurements by full-scale 50-megahertz ultrasound biomicroscopy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation has been a popular means for the treatment of high ametropia. Measurements of ciliary sulcus diameter is important for pIOL size determining. But till now, no perfect system can directly measure it. The present study was to evaluate the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of direct sulcus diameter measurements obtained by a full-scale 50-megahertz (MHz) ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A fresh cadaver human eye with a scale marker inserted through the posterior chamber plane from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock meridian and 30 randomly selected eyes from 30 normal subjects were scanned by full-scale 50-MHz UBM in horizontal meridional scan plane. The distance between the scales and the whole length of the marker inside the cadaver eye were measured by the same observer using the "built-in" measurement tools and the indicating error of instrument was calculated. Reproducibility of the measurement was evaluated in 30 eyes by 2 operators using Blander and Altman plot test. Repeatability was evaluated from 10 successive eyes randomly selected from the 30 eyes by one operator.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On a scale of 1 mm, the greatest indicating error was 40 microm; the mean largest indicating error of 1 mm scale from the 10 images was (26 +/- 14) microm; on a scale of 11 mm, the greatest indicating error was 70 microm; the error rate was 0.64%. The mean length of the needle inside the eye of the 10 images was 11.05 mm, with the mean indicating error of 47 microm, the average error rate was 0.43%. For ciliary sulcus diameter measurements in vivo, the coefficient of variation was 0.38%; the coefficients of repeatability for intra-observer and inter-observer measurements were 1.99% and 2.55%, respectively. The limits of agreement for intra-observer and inter-observer measurement were -0.41 mm to 0.48 mm and -0.59 mm to 0.58 mm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The full-scale 50-MHz UBM can be a high accuracy and good repeatability means for direct measuring the ciliary sulcus diameter and useful for size determining of posterior chamber pIOL.</p>